學測英文單字 第4級

verb 拋棄；放棄責任 stop taking responsibility for or control of

After being elected as class president, he abandoned his responsibilities and didn't attend any meetings or fulfill his duties.

verb 遺棄；撤離 leave behind empty; move out of

After the hurricane, the residents had to abandon their homes and seek shelter elsewhere.

adjective 絕對的；完全的 complete and without restrictions or qualifications; sometimes used informally as intensifiers

John has an absolute commitment to his health and exercises every day, rain or shine.

noun 絕對事物；不相對的概念 something that is conceived or exists independently and not in relation to other things; something that does not depend on anything else and is beyond human control; something that is not relative

In mathematics, an absolute value is always positive, regardless of the sign of the number.

verb 吸收；吸入 suck up or take in, as a sponge does with water

After heavy rain, the dry ground began to absorb the water and turn into mud.

verb 吸取（液體） take in or soak up a liquid

After a long run, I drank a large glass of water to help my body absorb the much-needed hydration.

noun 抽象概念；抽象物 a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance

Love is an abstract concept that differs from person to person.

noun 摘要；概要 a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory

In order to present her thesis effectively, Sarah provided an abstract that briefly summarized her main arguments.

adjective 學術的；學校的 related to education and schools

The conference was attended by several academic professionals from various universities.

adjective 理論性的；研究性的 based on research and study rather than practical or personal experience

The professor’s lecture was full of academic language, referencing various studies and research articles.

noun 口音；腔調 a distinctive manner of pronunciation especially one that is characteristic of an individual, a group of people, or a region

The Southern accent in the United States is distinct and characterized by a drawl and elongated vowels.

verb 強調；突出 emphasize a particular feature or quality of something

The artist accented the details on the painting by using bold brushstrokes.

noun 接受；同意 the act or process of agreeing to receive or allow something

After reviewing the application, the university sent a letter of acceptance to the student.

noun 認可；錄取 favorable reception or approval; the act of accepting something as satisfactory

After months of auditions, he finally received an acceptance letter to the prestigious acting school.

noun 存取碼；密碼 a code or password that must be entered to obtain the use of a telephone line, computer, or network

Please make sure to remember your access code in order to log into the company's secure network.

noun 使用權；進入資格 the right to enter or make use of something, such as a service or a membership

After becoming a member, she was granted access to the exclusive club.

adjective 偶然的；意外的 happening by chance or unexpectedly or unintentionally

She made an accidental discovery while cleaning out her closet and found a valuable antique hidden in the back.

noun （音樂）臨時升降記號 in music, a symbol that indicates a note should be played as sharp, flat, or natural even though it does not align with the key signature

During the pianist's performance, he came across an accidental in the sheet music that required him to play a note as a sharp instead of a natural as indicated by the key signature.

verb 陪同；同行 go or travel along with

Emily asked her best friend to accompany her on her weekend getaway.

verb 伴隨；伴奏 be present or connected with an event or entity

Music always accompanies my morning routine, setting the mood for the day ahead.

verb 達成；完成 to successfully complete something with effort or skill

After months of hard work and dedication, she was able to accomplish her goal of running a marathon.

verb 實現；成就 to bring about or make happen

With great determination and hard work, he was able to accomplish his dream of becoming a doctor.

noun 成就；完成目標 the successful completion of a task or achievement of a goal

Graduating from college after years of hard work and dedication is a great accomplishment.

noun 成果；成績 something that has been achieved successfully, especially through hard work or skill

Graduating from college with honors is a great accomplishment that requires dedication and hard work.

noun 會計師；會計人員 A professional who prepares, maintains, and audits financial records for individuals or companies.

After graduating with a degree in accounting, John started working as an accountant at a prestigious financial firm.

noun 準確度；精確性 the quality of being close to the exact value

The accuracy of the scale was crucial in measuring ingredients for the recipe.

noun （數學）有效數字；精度 (mathematics) the number of digits that are correct in a measurement or calculation

When measuring the length of a table, the accuracy of the measurement can be determined by comparing the measured value to the actual value using a ruler with fine divisions.

verb 指控；指責 make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against; blame for

During the trial, the prosecution will accuse the defendant of stealing the valuable artwork.

verb 控告；提出指控 level a charge against; bring an accusation against

During the trial, the prosecutor accused the defendant of committing the crime

noun 酸；酸性物質 a chemical substance that has a sour taste and can react with a base to form a salt

The pH level of the soil was so low that the farmer had to add acid to neutralize it before planting crops.

noun 迷幻藥（LSD俗稱） a street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

He took a hit of acid and went on a mind-bending trip with vivid hallucinations.

noun 點頭之交；泛泛相識 a person with whom you are familiar, but not very close to

I saw an acquaintance at the grocery store and we exchanged polite greetings.

noun 認識；了解 knowledge or information about something or someone

She was happy to make the acquaintance of her new neighbors and learn about their hobbies and interests.

verb 取得；獲得 to gain possession of something, whether it be tangible or intangible

After years of saving money, Samantha was finally able to acquire her dream car.

verb 習得（技能或知識） to gain knowledge or learn a skill through one’s own efforts or experiences

After years of practice and dedication, she was finally able to acquire the ability to play the piano beautifully.

verb 改編；調整使用 to change something to make it suitable for a new use or situation

As a result of the pandemic, many businesses had to adapt to remote work in order to continue operating.

verb 適應；調適 to adjust oneself to new or different conditions or environment

The new student had to adapt to the different customs in the foreign country.

noun 成癮者；上癮者 someone who is physiologically dependent on a substance, and sudden stopping the use of that substance can cause withdrawal symptoms

After years of heavy smoking, Mark became an addict, relying on cigarettes to get through his day. When he tried to quit cold turkey, he experienced intense withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, insomnia, and intense cravings.

verb 使成癮；使上癮 to make someone or oneself become dependent on something, especially a narcotic drug

After being prescribed painkillers for his injury, John gradually became addict and started relying on them to function.

adjective 足夠的；充分的 Sufficient or satisfactory to meet a particular need or purpose

The company provided an adequate amount of resources for the project to be completed on time.

adjective 尚可的；還過得去的 Being about average or acceptable

The hotel’s amenities are adequate, but I wouldn’t call them luxurious.

verb 調整；微調 to change or move something slightly to improve it or make it fit better

After assembling the shelves, I needed to adjust them to make sure they were level.

verb 調節；符合標準 to change something to meet a particular standard or requirement

He had to adjust his speech to suit the audience.

noun 調整；修正 the process of making small changes to something to improve it or make it fit better

After trying on the jacket, I needed to make some adjustments to the sleeve length and the fit around my waist.

noun 增減金額；補正 an amount that is added or subtracted based on specific circumstances or conditions that apply

After reviewing my expenses, I made an adjustment to my budget by decreasing my restaurant allowance and increasing my grocery allowance.

adjective 令人欽佩的；值得讚揚 inspiring admiration or approval

His determination to overcome every obstacle and succeed was truly admirable.

adjective 出色的；了不起的 deserving of the highest esteem or admiration

After years of hard work and dedication, she created an admirable business empire from scratch.

noun 讚賞；佳評 a favorable judgment

The admiration from the audience was evident as the performer took his final bow.

noun 欽佩；仰慕 a feeling of delighted approval and liking

Jane looked at her sister with admiration as she played the piano beautifully.

noun 入場許可；入場資格 the right or permission to enter

I was denied admission to the club because I did not meet the dress code requirements.

noun 入場費；門票費用 the amount of money charged for entry to a place

The admission fee for the museum is $10 for adults and $5 for children.

verb 採用；採納 choose and follow a particular course of action, such as a theory, idea, policy, strategy, or plan

After careful consideration, the company decided to adopt a new marketing strategy to reach a wider audience.

verb 收養（孩子或寵物） take into one’s family, such as a child or pet

After a long and careful process, John and Mary decided to adopt a newborn baby from an orphanage.

noun 自主性；行動能力 the capacity of an individual or group to act independently and make their own choices

When she turned 18, Sarah gained agency over her own life and was able to make decisions about where to go to college and what career to pursue.

noun 機構；代辦處 the state of being in action or exerting power, or the means by which something is achieved or brought about

The investigative agency worked diligently to uncover the truth behind the mysterious disappearance.

noun 試劑；作用物質 a substance that has a particular effect or influence

The cleaning agent removed the stubborn stain from the carpet.

noun 代理人；仲介 a person or company that acts on behalf of another person or organization, especially in business

WRONG WITH EXCEPTION

adjective 具攻擊性的；好鬥的 having or showing a strong or exaggerated sense of hostility or readiness to attack or confront

In a heated argument, Jake became aggressive and started yelling at his opponent.

adjective 積極進取的；強勢的 assertive, bold, and energetic in pursuing one’s goals or aims

During the negotiations, Sarah took an aggressive approach, clearly stating her demands and not backing down until they were met.

adjective 相符的；協調的 in keeping

The decorations were agreeable with the overall theme of the party.

adjective 樂意的；好說話的 prepared to agree or consent

The team found John to be a very agreeable person, always willing to listen and compromise in order to reach a solution.

noun 酒精；乙醇 any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation

After a long week at work, I decided to unwind with a glass of red wine, enjoying the smooth taste of alcohol.

noun 含酒精飲料；酒 a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent

After a long day at work, Sarah enjoyed unwinding with a glass of red wine, savoring the smooth taste of the alcohol.

noun 警報；預警 a warning to people to get ready to deal with something dangerous

The government issued an alert to the residents living near the volcano, advising them to evacuate immediately.

adjective 警覺的；機敏的 quick to notice, perceive, or understand; being attentive

As a security guard, it is important to be alert and constantly observe the surroundings for any suspicious activity.

noun 零用錢；生活費 an amount of money given regularly as a share of a parent’s income to a child, spouse, or former spouse

My parents give me a weekly allowance of $20 for completing my household chores.

noun 補貼；津貼；折扣 an amount added or deducted based on certain qualifying circumstances

Employees can claim a travel allowance if they have to cover transportation expenses for work-related travel.

adjective 替代的；二選一的 involving a choice between two or more possibilities

After multiple failed attempts, they decided to explore alternative solutions to the problem.

adjective 備用的；可替換的 used or serving in place of another

When the restaurant ran out of chicken, they offered an alternative option of fish for the main course.

noun 生手；外行人 a person who is not skilled

Don't ask Jack to fix your computer, he's just an amateur when it comes to technology.

noun 業餘愛好者；非職業選手 a person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment, not as a job

Sarah has been playing tennis for fun with her friends on weekends. She is an amateur player and loves the game purely for the joy of it.

adjective 模稜兩可的；含糊的 having more than one possible meaning or interpretation

The politician’s speech was so ambiguous that no one was sure what he meant.

adjective 意義不明確的；曖昧的 unclear or vague in meaning; open to multiple interpretations; deliberately vague or evasive

The politician’s ambiguous response to the journalist’s question only added more confusion to the already complex issue at hand.

adjective 費力的；艱鉅的 requiring full use of your abilities or resources

She set an ambitious goal to climb Mount Everest within a year.

adjective 有野心的；雄心壯志的 having a strong desire for success or achievement

WRONG WITH EXCEPTION

verb 娛樂；使歡樂 to provide someone with enjoyment or entertainment

The clown at the birthday party was hired to amuse the children by performing magic tricks and telling funny jokes.

verb 逗笑；引人發笑 to make someone laugh or smile

The comedian’s jokes never fail to amuse the audience.

noun 歡樂；快感；愉悅 a feeling of delight at being entertained

The children screamed with amusement, their laughter echoing through the amusement park as they spun in teacups and rode roller coasters.

noun 娛樂活動；消遣 an activity that is entertaining and holds the attention

Visiting an amusement park with thrilling rides and games is a popular form of amusement for families during the summer.

noun 分析；解析 the process of breaking something down into smaller parts and examining their relationships

In order to understand the causes of the economic downturn, a thorough analysis of various financial factors such as inflation, interest rates, and government policies is required.

noun 分析方法；分析過程 a method of examining the components of a whole and their relationships to each other

In order to improve the efficiency of their manufacturing process, the company conducted a detailed analysis of every step from raw material acquisition to product distribution.

verb 分析；研究 To examine something in great detail in order to understand or explain it

The forensic team needed to analyze the evidence found at the crime scene in order to solve the case.

verb 剖析；解構 To break down a substance or concept into its components or essential features

To prepare for the presentation, Rose had to analyze the data and draw the key insights.

noun 祖先；先人 a person, typically more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended.

In order to trace our family history, my sister and I visited our ancestral village where our great-grandparents were born.

noun 傳世珍品；古物（具歷史價值者） a thing, usually an old object or custom, that has been around for a long time and is considered valuable.

The family heirloom, passed down through generations, is a cherished ancestor that holds great sentimental and historical value.

noun 週年紀念日 the yearly recurrence of the date of a past event, or the celebration or commemoration of such a date

Last month, my wife and I celebrated our 10th wedding anniversary with a romantic trip to Paris.

verb 打擾；惹惱 to disturb or bother someone, often repeatedly or continuously

My little brother likes to annoy me by tapping on my shoulder and humming in my ear.

verb 使不耐煩；令人厭煩 to make someone slightly angry or impatient, usually over a long period of time

The constant buzzing of the fly in the room began to annoy the students during their exam.

adjective 每年的；年度的 happening once a year or every year

The company’s annual meeting is scheduled for next month.

noun 年刊；年鑑 a book or magazine that is published once a year

The company’s annual report contained details of their financial performance over the previous year.

noun 焦慮；不安；憂慮 a vague feeling of unease or apprehension often accompanied by physical sensations such as sweating and increased heart rate

She couldn’t sleep because of her anxiety over the upcoming exam.

noun 焦慮症；焦慮障礙 (psychiatry) a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of worry, nervousness, or fear, often accompanied by compulsive behaviors or panic attacks

She experienced a lot of anxiety before her exams, which made it difficult for her to concentrate on her studies.

noun 道歉；致歉 an expression of regret or remorse for doing something wrong or causing trouble

WRONG WITH EXCEPTION

noun 正式道歉；書面說明 a formal written or spoken statement, especially one given in order to explain a mistake or to show regret

After missing the meeting with his boss, John wrote an apology email explaining his absence.

adjective 表面上的；看似的 appearing to be true, but may not be

The candidate’s apparent confidence on stage did not match with her growing nervousness backstage.

adjective 明顯的；顯而易見的 easily seen, understood, or recognized

It was apparent that she didn’t want to attend the meeting as she kept looking at her watch.

noun 申請人；應徵者 a person who applies for something, such as a job or admission to a school or program

The applicant submitted a well-written resume and strong references when applying for the job.

noun 應用；實際運用 the act of putting something into operation

After hours of studying, she finally put her knowledge into application and aced the exam.

noun 外用藥；塗抹劑 a liquid preparation with a soothing, medicinal, or antiseptic action applied to the skin

After getting a minor burn, she applied a soothing application to alleviate the pain and promote healing.

verb 任命；指定 furnish

The company will appoint a new CEO next month.

verb 委派；指派 assign a duty, responsibility, or obligation to

The boss decided to appoint Sarah as the project manager for the new initiative.

noun 職位；任命 the specific job or position that someone has been assigned to

She eagerly accepted the appointment as CEO of the company.

noun 預約；約診；約會 a pre-arranged meeting

I have an appointment with my doctor tomorrow at 9:00 AM

noun 鑑賞力；品味 delicate perception or recognition, especially of aesthetic qualities

As an art curator, Mary had a keen appreciation for the subtle brushstrokes and exquisite color palette of the masterpiece painting.

noun 感謝；感激 an expression of gratitude

After receiving the scholarship, Jill showed her appreciation by writing a heartfelt thank-you letter to the donor.

adjective 適當的；合宜的 Suitable or fitting for a particular person, place, or condition.

It is not appropriate to wear shorts to a job interview.

verb 擅自取用；挪用；據為己有 To take something for one’s own use, often without permission.

It is never appropriate to appropriate someone else’s belongings without their consent.

noun 批准；核准；許可 the formal act of approving or agreeing to something, often officially

The board of directors gave their approval for the new project to proceed.

noun 認可；讚許 the state of being accepted or considered satisfactory

After months of hard work, she finally received the approval of her colleagues for the new project proposal.

noun 水族館 a place where aquatic animals and plants are kept and publicly exhibited

We visited the aquarium and marveled at the colorful tropical fish swimming in the tanks.

noun 水族箱；魚缸 a tank or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals

We visited the local aquarium and marveled at the colorful tropical fish swimming gracefully in their tanks.

noun 拱門；拱形結構 a curved structure, often made of bricks or stones, that supports weight above it

The ancient Roman aqueducts were an impressive feat of engineering, with their multiple arches spanning great distances and providing a sturdy support for transporting water.

noun 拱廊；穿越拱道的通道 a passage beneath a curved structure made of bricks or stones

The team explored the ancient ruins, venturing through an arch that led to a hidden chamber.

verb 起源；源自 originate or come into being

Her fear of heights arose when she climbed to the top of the mountain.

verb 出現；產生；發生 come into existence; take on form or shape

Many new challenges may arise during the project that we didn’t anticipate.

noun 武器；軍備 weapons considered collectively, such as guns, knives, and swords.

The military personnel were equipped with various arms including rifles, grenades, and combat knives.

noun 紋章；盾形徽章 heraldic bearings or insignia, such as a coat of arms.

The royal family proudly displayed their arms on their castle's entrance gate.

adjective 人造的；人工的 contrived by art or human skill rather than by nature

The flowers at the wedding were artificial and made of plastic, rather than real flowers that grew naturally.

adjective 不自然的；矯揉造作的 not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes

The grass in the garden was so perfect that it looked artificial.

adjective 藝術的；藝術性的 relating to or characteristic of art or artists

Jenny’s paintings have always been admired for their artistic value.

adjective 具藝術感的；有美感的 satisfying aesthetic standards and sensibilities

His artistic skills impressed everyone who visited his art studio.

adjective 羞愧的；慚愧的 feeling ashamed or guilty or embarrassed or remorseful

She felt ashamed of herself after she realized that she had lied to her parents.

adjective 不好意思的；怕丟臉的 reluctant to do something through fear of embarrassment or humiliation

She was ashamed to admit that she couldn’t read or write as an adult.

noun 面向；層面；方面 a particular part or element of something, especially when it is one of several

One important aspect of the job is being able to work well in a team.

noun 特色；特點 a characteristic or feature of something

One of the most important aspects of learning a new language is speaking with native speakers.

noun 阿斯匹靈；乙醯水楊酸 A medication typically used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic drug. It is the acetylated derivative of salicylic acid and is commonly sold under the trade names Bayer, Empirin, and St. Joseph. Aspirin works by poisoning platelets and thus slows clotting in the blood.

I have a headache, so I’m going to take an aspirin.

verb 組裝；裝配 collect in one place

After receiving the parts, the team quickly assembled the furniture.

verb 集合；召集 get people together

The teacher will assemble all the students in the auditorium for a special assembly.

noun 集會；議會；聚集人群 a group of people who gather together for a particular purpose

The assembly of workers decided to go on a strike against the management.

noun 集合；聚集行為 the act of gathering together in a group

The assembly of all the employees was called by the management to announce the new policies.

verb 指派；分配；安排 select something or someone for a specific purpose

The teacher will assign each student a topic for their research project.

verb 交付任務；指定任務 give an assignment or task to someone

The teacher will assign a research project to each student.

noun 作業；任務分配 the act of distributing something to a group of people or to specific locations

The teacher gave an assignment to each student in the class.

noun 派任；指定職務 the act of assigning someone to a particular role or position, usually without giving them a choice

The teacher gave us an assignment to write a 5-page essay on global warming.

noun 援助；協助；幫忙 the activity of helping or giving support to someone or something in need

I called a plumber to provide assistance with fixing the leaky pipe in my house.

noun 指導；幫助 help or advice given to someone

When I was moving to a new city, my friend provided me with valuable assistance in finding a place to live.

noun 同事；夥伴；合作者 a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor

The new hire was excited to become an associate in the marketing team and collaborate with her colleagues on upcoming campaigns.

noun 友人；密友 a friend who frequently spends time with another person

My colleague at work is not just a co-worker, he is also my closest associate and we often have lunch together.

noun 協會；學會；組織 a formal organization of people or groups of people

He was appointed as the head of the football association.

noun 交往；合作關係 a social or business relationship

Being a member of the local business association can provide valuable networking opportunities.

noun 自信；把握 belief in yourself and your abilities; self-confidence

Despite the challenging task, she completed it with assurance, knowing that she had the skills and knowledge to succeed.

noun 保證；承諾；擔保 a statement or guarantee intended to inspire confidence in the reliability or abilities of a person or product; a promise

The airline provided assurance to its passengers that their safety was their top priority by implementing strict security measures and conducting regular maintenance checks on their planes.

verb 保證；承諾 make a promise or commitment

The salesperson assured me that the product had a money-back guarantee.

verb 使安心；使放心 cause to feel sure; give reassurance to

To assure her mother that she would arrive home safely, she sent a text message before leaving the office.

adjective 體格健壯的；強健的 having a sturdy and well-proportioned body

Sarah's athleticism and strength allowed her to excel in many sports such as volleyball, basketball, and swimming.

adjective 運動的；體育的 relating to or suitable for sports or athletes

He has been training for months and his athletic abilities have greatly improved.

noun 大氣層；大氣 the mass of air that surrounds the Earth

The atmosphere is essential for the survival of life on Earth as it protects us from harmful solar radiation and keeps the temperature within livable limits.

noun （天體的）大氣；氣體層 the envelope of gases that surround any celestial body

Scientists study the atmosphere of Mars to learn more about its composition and potential to sustain life.

noun 原子 the smallest component of an element that has the chemical properties of that element, consisting of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons in orbits within a neutral overall charge

The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus.

noun 極微量；微粒 a very small amount of a thing, virtually indivisible

The chemist measured the amount of the substance in atoms, showing that it contained only a trace of the element.

adjective 極微小的；原子級的 incredibly small

The atomic particles inside this microscope are too small for the naked eye to see.

adjective 原子的；核能的 relating to or deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy (often used in relation to weapons)

The government is concerned about the potential consequences of a nuclear war and the use of atomic weapons.

verb （依法）扣押；查封 take temporary possession of something as a form of legal authority

The police had to attach the suspect's computer as evidence during the investigation.

verb 附加；連結 be in contact or connected with

Please attach the file to your email before sending it.

noun （電子郵件）附件 a computer file that is sent together with an email

I have included the presentation slides as an attachment in the email.

noun 配件；附加裝置 a small piece of equipment that you can attach to a computer, machine, etc. to do a particular task

I bought a new attachment for my camera that allows me to take close-up photos.

noun 景點；吸引人的事物 something that people are interested in and come to see

The Eiffel Tower in Paris is a famous attraction that draws millions of tourists each year.

noun 聲音錄音；音訊 a recording of sound waves

I love listening to audio books while driving.

noun 音訊；聲音訊號 the audible part of a transmitted signal

I could hear the audio from the TV show even though I was in the other room.

adjective 真跡的；真品的 genuine and original, not counterfeit or copied

The art collector was pleased to find an authentic Picasso painting at the estate sale.

adjective 真實的；可靠的 based on fact and therefore reliable

The diary entry written by Anne Frank is considered an authentic piece of history as it provides firsthand information about the life of Jews during the Holocaust.

noun 權力；授權 the power or right to give orders or make decisions

In a democratic society, the government is granted authority by the people to make decisions on their behalf.

noun 當局；主管機關 (usually plural) persons who exercise administrative control over others

The board of directors is the ultimate authority in the company, making important decisions and overseeing the operations.

noun 自傳 a written account of one’s own life

In her autobiography, the author recounts her childhood struggles and eventual success as a renowned scientist.

verb 親筆簽名；簽署 to sign one’s own name on something, typically as a memento for someone else

After the concert, the fans lined up outside the stadium to get the singer’s autograph on their t-shirts.

noun 親筆簽名；手跡 something written by one’s own hand, especially a personalized signature

The famous cricket player spent hours autographing cricket bats for his fans after the match.

verb 等待；期盼 to wait for, especially with a feeling of anticipation or excitement

I cannot wait to await the arrival of my friend at the airport.

verb 等候；備候 to be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for

The passengers were anxiously awaiting the arrival of their delayed flight.

adjective 禿頭的；無毛髮的 having little or no hair on the scalp: hairless

Jason used to have a full head of hair, but now he is completely bald.

adjective 光禿的；無覆蓋的 not covered with natural or usual hair

Bob started losing his hair in his 30s and by the time he turned 40, he was completely bald.

noun 芭蕾舞；芭蕾舞劇 a theatrical representation of a story performed by trained dancers to music

The ballet troupe performed a stunning rendition of Swan Lake, captivating the audience with their graceful movements and emotive expressions.

noun 芭蕾舞樂曲；舞蹈配樂 music composed specifically for a ballet performance

The symphony orchestra rehearsed the intricate ballet score in preparation for the upcoming performance.

verb 包紮；纏繃帶 to cover and protect a wound or injured part of the body

After cleaning the wound, the nurse applied a sterile bandage to prevent further contamination.

noun 繃帶；紗布 a soft material used to cover and protect a wound or injured part of the body

After cutting his finger while chopping vegetables, John wrapped a bandage around it to stop the bleeding.

adjective 破產的；無力償債的 having no money and unable to pay debts

After multiple failed business ventures, John was declared bankrupt and had to sell all of his assets to pay off his debts.

noun 破產者；欠債無力償還者 a person or entity that is declared insolvent and unable to pay debts to creditors

After several failed business ventures, he was declared bankrupt and had to sell all of his assets to repay his debts.

noun 便宜貨；划算的買賣 an advantageous purchase

I got a great bargain on this bike at the garage sale for only $20.

noun 協議；協定 an agreement between parties, usually arrived at after discussion, fixing the obligations of each

The real estate agent was able to negotiate a bargain between the seller and the buyer, each party agreeing to a fair price for the property.

noun 障礙物；阻隔物 a structure or object that obstructs or impedes free movement

The tall fence served as a barrier, preventing anyone from entering the construction site without authorization.

noun 屏障；隔離物 anything that separates or divides by obstructing vision or access

The fence acted as a barrier, preventing the children from entering the construction site.

noun 盆；洗臉盆 a bowl-shaped vessel used for holding food or liquids

She poured the soup into the large basin and carried it to the table.

noun 一盆的量；盆容量 the quantity that a basin can contain

The basin in the kitchen sink is large enough to hold all the dishes from dinner.

noun 砲兵連；砲組 a group of large guns used together

During the military demonstration, the artillery battalion fired a battery of cannons, creating a deafening roar and a cloud of smoke.

noun 毆打罪；傷人 the act of physically attacking someone

During the altercation, John was charged with battery after he punched his neighbor.

verb 使難以（描述）；超出…極限 to make something impossible to achieve; exceed the limits of

The weight of the world's problems can sometimes beggar our ability to find solutions.

noun 乞丐；行乞者 a person who begs for money or food

In the busy city streets, a frail old man sat on a worn-out cardboard, pleading with outstretched hands as a beggar for any spare change.

noun 行為；舉止 the way a person acts or behaves towards other people

His behavior towards his colleagues was unprofessional and rude.

noun 表現；態度 the manner in which someone behaves or controls themselves

Her behavior at the party last night was quite appalling. She was shouting and picking up fights with everyone.

noun 一桶之量；一倉之量 an amount of something stored in a bin

The farmer keeps his harvest of grains in a large bin until he is ready to sell them.

verb 裝桶儲放；入倉 to store something in a bin

After the harvest, the farmer bins the grain in large sacks.

noun 傳記；人物傳記 the story of a person’s life, written by someone else, or the genre of literature that focuses on such stories.

J.K. Rowling penned a captivating biography of the late Steve Jobs, chronicling his journey to success in the tech industry.

noun 傳記（他人撰寫） a written account of someone’s life, typically written by another person.

The biography chronicled the life of the famous scientist, highlighting his achievements and struggles.

noun （生物體的）生命現象；生命特徵 The characteristic processes and phenomena of living organisms, including growth, reproduction, adaptation, and response to stimuli.

Studying biology helps us understand how different organisms have adapted to their environments over time.

noun 生物學；生物科學 The scientific study of living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development, and evolution.

In order to understand how plants grow and reproduce, one must have a strong background in biology.

noun （草的）葉片；草葉 a thin, flat leaf of grass

The sharp blade of grass cut through the air as the lawnmower passed over it.

noun 刀刃；刀片 the thin, flat cutting part of a tool or weapon

The chef skillfully sliced through the ingredients with a sharp blade.

verb 混合；攪拌 to mix different elements together thoroughly

She used a blender to blend the fruits and yogurt for her breakfast smoothie.

verb 融合；調和 to combine two or more elements into one evenly

To make a smoothie, you need to blend the fruit and yogurt until they are completely mixed together.

noun 幸運；福氣 a desirable state

Winning the lottery was a huge blessing for the struggling family, as it allowed them to pay off all their debts and start a new life.

noun 正式核准；批准 the formal act of approving

The mayor’s office issued a blessing for the new highway construction project, which had been delayed for years due to funding issues.

noun 眨眼反射動作 the reflex act of rapidly closing and opening the eyes

His eyes started to blink rapidly as he tried to adjust to the bright sunlight.

verb 眨眼；瞬目 to briefly close and then open the eyes

I had to blink several times to clear my vision after being in the bright sun for so long.

noun 全盛期；鼎盛時期 the period of greatest prosperity or productivity

During the summer, the resort town experiences a bloom of tourists and business, leading to a thriving local economy.

noun 青春最盛期；花樣年華 the best time of youth

She was in the bloom of her youth, full of energy and enthusiasm, ready to conquer the world.

noun 花朵；（果樹等的）花 The reproductive organ of flowering plants, consisting of one or more carpels and typically including petals and sepals. Often colorful and showy.

The cherry trees blossomed beautifully in the spring.

verb 開花；綻放 Produce flowers; bloom.

After the winter, the garden blossomed with bright flowers of various colors.

verb 誇耀；自吹自擂 to talk with excessive pride or self-satisfaction about one’s achievements, possessions, or abilities.

Although he had little to boast about, he regaled any willing listener with tales of his past glory days.

verb 引以為傲地擁有；自豪地具備 to possess (a feature) that is a source of pride.

She likes to boast about her cooking skills to impress her guests.

noun 債券；公債 a certificate of debt issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal.

The company sold bonds to raise funds for its expansion project

noun 保釋金；擔保金 money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial, according to criminal law.

John’s bail was set at $50,000, but he couldn’t afford to pay it. So, he contacted a bondsman who posted a bond for him and guaranteed his appearance in court. If John failed to appear in court, the bondsman would forfeit the bond money.

noun 彈跳；反彈 a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

The ball bounced off the floor and into the basket.

verb 彈起；反彈 to spring back; to spring away from an impact

The basketball bounced off the rim after the player’s attempted shot.

noun 手鍊；手環 a band, strip, or chain of cloth, leather, beads, or metal worn around the wrist as an ornament or to fasten a wristwatch

She received a beautiful silver bracelet as a birthday gift.

noun 手鍊；手腕飾品 a piece of jewelry worn around the wrist for decoration

She received a beautiful silver bracelet for her birthday.

verb 繁殖；培育 When animals breed, they reproduce.

The farmer selectively breeds his cows to produce the highest-quality milk.

noun 品種；種類 a particular kind or type of animal, plant, or human group.

Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog known for their friendly and playful nature.

adjective 身無分文；破產 lacking funds or unable to pay debts

After losing his job, John was broke and had to rely on his friends for financial support.

verb 打破（break的過去式） past tense of break

After tripping on the stairs, he broke his leg and had to wear a cast for six weeks.

noun 掃帚；掃把 a cleaning implement used for sweeping floors, usually a bundle of straws or twigs attached to a long handle

She grabbed the broom and started sweeping the dirt and debris off the porch.

verb 用掃把整理（表面） to finish a surface with a broom

He broomed the tennis court after the match.

adjective 殘暴的；兇狠的 having the qualities of a savage or cruel animal; showing a lack of mercy or compassion

The brutal dictator ordered the execution of anyone who opposed him.

adjective 嚴酷的；猛烈的 harsh

The brutal beating left him with several broken bones.

noun 公告；快訊；新聞簡報 a brief report, especially an official statement issued for immediate publication or broadcast.

The morning bulletin announced that the school will be closed due to heavy snow.

verb 公告；發布簡報 to make something public by publishing it in a bulletin.

The school bulletin announced the date of the upcoming parent-teacher conference.

noun 竊賊；入室行竊者 someone who illegally enters a building to steal things

The burglar broke into the house and stole all the electronics.

noun 電器箱體；機殼 a case or housing for electronic equipment, such as a radio or television

The television cabinet neatly stores your TV, DVD player, and gaming consoles, keeping all your electronic equipment organized and protected.

noun 櫥櫃；展示櫃 a piece of furniture with doors and shelves or drawers, typically used for storage or display

Sarah proudly displayed her collection of vintage tea sets in the glass-fronted cabinet in her living room.

verb 計算；核算 to keep a record of something, like expenses or data

I need to calculate how much money I spent on groceries last month.

verb 信任；依賴（語義存疑） to have trust or belief in something or someone

I cannot calculate his statement because he has lied to me before.

noun 計算；運算 the act or process of performing mathematical operations to find a value

My math teacher gave me a complex calculation to solve for homework.

noun 數學計算；演算 the process of using numbers or quantity to solve a problem

Mathematicians use complex calculations to solve problems in physics and engineering.

noun 卡路里；熱量單位 A unit of measurement for energy in food. It is defined as the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

I burned 500 calories during my morning run.

noun 軍事行動；戰役 a series of operations aimed at achieving a particular goal within a set timeframe and location

The political candidate launched a nationwide campaign to gain support for their bid for presidency.

noun 宣傳活動；倡議運動 a series of actions taken to promote a certain principle or working towards a specific outcome

The environmental organization launched a campaign to raise awareness about plastic pollution and encourage people to reduce their use of single-use plastics.

noun 候選人；競選者 a politician who is running for public office

In the upcoming election, there are several candidates vying for the position of mayor.

noun 應徵者；候選人選 someone who is considered for something, such as an office, prize, or honor

The city is currently evaluating several candidates for the position of mayor.

noun 藤條；竹莖 the long, hollow stems of particular plants such as bamboo

The craftsman used the cane to create a beautifully woven basket.

noun 手杖；拐杖 a walking stick with a curved handle, used to help someone walk

After his leg injury, John relied on his cane to provide support and stability as he walked.

verb 划獨木舟 to travel in or paddle a canoe

On a sunny weekend, they decided to canoe down the river, enjoying the peacefulness of nature.

noun 獨木舟；小划艇 a small and narrow boat with pointed ends and typically with space for one or more paddlers; propelled with a paddle

They decided to take a leisurely paddle down the river in a canoe.

noun 容量；容積 the amount that can be contained

The stadium has a seating capacity of 50,000 spectators.

noun 產能；生產能力 capability to perform or produce

The factory has a capacity to produce 1000 units per day.

noun 資本主義 An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

In a capitalist society, individuals have the right to start their own businesses and compete in the market to maximize their profits.

noun 資本主義支持者；右派商人 a conservative supporter of capitalism

The billionaire businessman was a staunch capitalist who believed in the virtues of free markets and competition.

noun 資本家；投資者 a person who invests capital in a business, especially a large one

John is a successful capitalist who invested his wealth in various corporations.

noun 貨物；運輸貨品 the goods that are transported by ship, plane, or other large vehicle

The cargo of the ship consisted of containers filled with electronic devices.

noun 貨運；一批貨 a load or shipment of goods

The cargo ship was docked at the harbor, ready to unload its valuable cargo of electronics.

noun 運輸公司；貨運業者 a company that transports goods or people from one place to another.

I need to book a carrier to transport my furniture to the new apartment.

noun 保險公司；承保業者 a company or organization that provides insurance.

I decided to switch my insurance carrier to get a better deal on my premiums.

verb 雕刻；刻製 form by carving

The sculptor used a hammer and chisel to carve the intricate design out of the block of stone.

verb 鑿刻；刻劃 engrave or cut by chipping away at a surface

The talented sculptor was able to carve intricate details into the marble statue with ease.

noun 目錄；清單 a complete list of things, usually arranged in a particular order

The bookstore published a comprehensive catalogue of all their available titles, making it easier for customers to browse and find the books they wanted.

noun 圖錄；附說明的目錄冊 a book or pamphlet containing a list of items arranged systematically, often with descriptive details and illustrations

I used the catalogue to browse and select the furniture for my new apartment.

noun 類別；範疇 a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme

In a library, books are typically organized by category, such as fiction, non-fiction, mystery, or romance.

noun 分類；種類 a collection of things sharing a common attribute

In a library, books are organized into different categories such as fiction, non-fiction, and reference.

verb 停止；終止 to stop doing something; put an end to a state or an activity

After working nonstop for 12 hours, he decided to cease his activities and take a much-needed rest.

verb 結束；告一段落 to come to an end, either spatially or metaphorically

After a long day of hiking, their energy finally began to cease, and they decided to set up camp for the night.

noun 慶典；節慶活動 a joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event

The town threw a huge celebration to commemorate their victory in the championship game.

noun 儀式；宗教典禮 the public performance of a sacrament or solemn ceremony with all appropriate ritual

The grand procession and elaborate rituals during the royal wedding were a majestic celebration of love and unity.

noun （體內）腔室 an enclosed volume in the body

During the medical examination, the doctor listened to my heart and lungs using a stethoscope, placing it on different chambers of my chest.

noun 法官室；法庭內室 a room where a judge transacts business

The lawyer confidently entered the chamber to present her case before the judge.

noun 冠軍地位；稱霸 the status of being a champion

After years of hard work and training, she finally achieved the championship in the Olympic Games.

noun 錦標賽；冠軍賽 a competition at which a champion is chosen

The team trained hard for months to prepare for the championship, hoping to win the title and bring home the trophy.

adjective 典型的；特有的 having qualities or features that are typical or distinctive of someone or something

One of her most noticeable characteristics is her infectious laughter.

noun 特徵；特性 a feature or quality that is typical of or distinguishes a particular person or thing

One characteristic of a successful entrepreneur is their ability to think outside the box and take calculated risks.

noun 慈善；捐助 the act of giving to those in need

The local church organized a charity event to collect food and clothing for the homeless during winter.

noun 慈善機構；公益組織 an institution set up to provide help to those in need

The charity organization set up a soup kitchen to provide food to the homeless people in the area.

noun 化學（科學） the scientific study of substances, their properties, and the ways in which they react or combine with each other

In order to create a new drug, the pharmaceutical researcher conducted extensive chemistry experiments to analyze the chemical properties of various substances and determine how they would react when combined.

noun 化學特性；化學反應 the basic characteristics of substances and how they interact with other substances

In his chemistry experiment, Mark mixed two substances together and observed a vibrant color change, demonstrating the interaction between the chemicals.

verb 珍愛；珍視 to protect and care for (someone) lovingly; to hold dear

As a mother, she cherished the time spent with her children, making sure they were always safe and loved.

noun 咀嚼；嚼食 the act of biting and grinding food in your mouth so it becomes soft enough to swallow

After taking a big bite of the hamburger, he began to chew it slowly and thoroughly, savoring every flavorful bite.

noun 口香糖片；咀嚼糖 a small, rectangular piece of flavored, chewable gum that typically comes in a foil wrapper

After lunch, he took out a pack of chew and offered a piece to his friends.

verb 噎住；窒息 to struggle for breath or have difficulty breathing due to lack of air flow

The child started to choke on a piece of candy and his mother quickly performed the Heimlich maneuver to dislodge it and allow him to breathe again.

verb 掐住喉嚨；使窒息 to squeeze or press someone’s throat and make it impossible for them to breathe

He was so scared that he froze, his fear choking him before he could call for help.

noun 合唱團 a group of people assembled together to sing or perform

The chorus sang the final verse of the song in unison, their voices rising in perfect harmony.

noun （歌曲）副歌；合唱部分 the part of a song in which a group of singers join the soloist

The crowd joins the singer in singing the chorus section of the song.

adjective 環狀的；圓形移動的 describing something that moves or is shaped like a circle

The moon appears circular in shape when viewed from Earth.

adjective 圓形的；環形的 having the shape of a circle

The table had a circular top, perfect for sharing food with friends.

verb 循環；流通（回到起點） To move or travel through a space, circuit, or system and return to the starting point.

The blood circulates throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to organs and tissues, and removing waste products.

verb 循環流動；旋轉 To move in circular motions.

The air conditioner circulates cool air throughout the room.

noun 血液循環；流通 the movement of something through a closed system like blood through the heart and blood vessels

Exercise helps to improve circulation by increasing blood flow throughout the body.

noun （消息、金錢等的）流通；傳播 the spread of something to a wider group or area, as of news or money

The circulation of the magazine increased drastically after the cover story became viral on social media.

noun 情況；背景條件 the set of facts or conditions that surround a situation or event

Due to unforeseen circumstances, the conference has been postponed.

noun （伴隨事件的）情境；條件 a condition that accompanies or influences an event or activity

Due to unforeseen circumstances, the wedding had to be postponed until next month.

noun 平民；非軍人 a non-military person; a member of the general public who is not a part of the armed forces

During wartime, the military evacuated the civilians from the conflict zone to ensure their safety.

adjective 平民的；民間的 relating to civil life, or performed by people who are not active members of the military

As a civilian, he worked in a government office and had no military experience.

noun 文明發展；文明化進程 the process of social development leading to a highly organized and technologically advanced society

The Mayan civilization had advanced systems of agriculture, writing, and astronomy.

noun 文明；高度發展的社會 an advanced society with complex legal, political, and religious systems

The ancient civilization of Egypt developed a sophisticated legal system, advanced political structures, and intricate religious beliefs that continue to influence society today.

verb 釐清；說明白 make clear and (more) comprehensible

The teacher asked the student to clarify their answer so that everyone in the class could understand it better.

verb 澄清（油脂等）；濾淨 make clear by removing impurities or solids, as by heating

To clarify the butter, the chef melted it down and strained out the milk solids.

noun 碰撞聲；鏗鏘聲 a loud resonant repeating noise

The clash of cymbals filled the concert hall.

verb 衝突；激烈碰撞 crash together with violent impact

During the heated protest, the police clashed with the demonstrators, resulting in chaos and clashes between the two groups.

noun 分類；歸類 the act or process of categorizing things into groups

The library uses a system of classification to organize books by genre and author, making it easier for patrons to find what they are looking for.

noun 機密等級；保密分級 the act of restricting access to certain documents or weapons by the government, available only to authorized personnel

The classified information about the military operation was only accessible to the top-ranking officials.

verb 分類；按類整理 To arrange or order something by categories.

The librarian will classify books based on their genres, such as mystery, romance, or science fiction.

verb 歸入類別；劃為…類 To assign something to a particular category or group.

In order to organize the books in the library, they classify them according to genre and author.

verb 艱難爭取；拼命奪得 to achieve or obtain something with great effort or difficulty

After months of hard work and late nights, she finally clawed her way to the top of the corporate ladder.

verb 用爪抓；用指甲抓 to use one’s nails to seize or grasp something, typically with great effort or difficulty

The cat extended its sharp claws and clawed at the tree trunk, trying to climb it.

noun 懸崖；峭壁 a steep, high face of rock that extends above the surrounding area

The view from the top of the cliff was breathtaking, but it was terrifying to look down and see how far the drop was.

adjective 笨拙的（表達）；不流暢的 not elegant or graceful in expression

During the presentation, John tripped over his words and fumbled with the projector, revealing his clumsy communication skills.

adjective 動作笨拙的；不靈活的 lacking grace in movement or posture

While attempting to carry the tray of drinks, he tripped over his own feet and sent the glasses flying, showcasing his clumsy nature.

adjective 粗糙的；粗粒的 consisting of large or rough particles that feel rough when touched

The sandpaper was too coarse to use on the delicate surface.

adjective 粗魯的；粗俗的 lacking sophistication or refinement in manners or tastes

John’s coarse behavior towards the waiter at the restaurant was embarrassing for everyone at the table.

noun 規則；法典；準則 a set of rules, principles, or laws, especially written ones

The software developer carefully studied the code for errors before testing the new program.

noun 密碼；暗號 a system of symbols or letters used for transmitting messages that need brevity or secrecy

The spy used a code to communicate with his handler without being discovered by the enemy.

verb 崩塌；垮掉；崩潰 break down or fall apart, whether it be literally or metaphorically

The old bridge collapsed under the weight of heavy traffic.

verb 折疊；收合 cause to fold or close up

After a long day at work, I collapse onto the couch to relax.

noun 同事；共事者 an associate that one works with

At the office, my colleague and I collaborate on various projects.

noun 同僚；同行 a person who is a member of one’s class or profession, especially in a subordinate position

As a software developer, my colleagues and I work together to develop innovative solutions.

noun （密碼鎖）組合密碼 a sequence of numbers or letters that opens a combination lock

Mary couldn't remember the combination to her locker, so she had to ask her friend for help.

noun 組合；搭配 the act of arranging elements into specified groups without regard to order

In the game of poker, a winning hand is often a combination of cards that include a pair, a three of a kind, or a straight flush.

noun 喜劇；喜劇片 a movie, play, or book that is intentionally amusing either in its characters or its action

I watched a comedy last night and couldn't stop laughing at the hilarious antics of the main character.

noun （情境中的）喜劇性；幽默 the amusing part of a situation

During the play, the comedy came alive as the characters' witty remarks had the audience in stitches.

noun 指揮官；長官 someone who is in an official position of authority and has the power to give orders or make decisions

The commander analyzed the situation and swiftly devised a plan of action for his troops.

noun 軍事指揮官；部隊首長 a military officer who is in charge of a unit or group of units

The commander led his troops into battle with bravery and strategy.

noun 評論；意見 a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

Please leave a comment below and let us know what you think of the new product.

noun 注解；注釋 a written explanation, criticism, or illustration added to a book or other written work

The editor added a comment to the manuscript, suggesting that the author revise the conclusion for clarity.

noun 商業；貿易 the activity of buying and selling goods and services, especially on a large scale.

International commerce plays a key role in the global economy, facilitating trade between countries and driving economic growth.

noun （思想）交流；互通 the exchange of ideas, opinions, or attitudes among people

During the conference, there was a vibrant commerce of ideas and perspectives among the attendees.

verb 全力投入；致力於 engage in or perform

The students commit themselves fully to their studies, spending long hours in the library and attending every class.

verb 犯（罪）；做（壞事） perform an act, typically with a negative connotation

He decided to commit a crime and rob the bank.

noun 溝通；傳達（行為） the act of conveying information through speaking, writing, or using some other medium

Effective communication is the key to a successful relationship.

noun （傳遞的）資訊；訊息 information that is shared between people or groups through speaking, writing, or some other medium

Clear communication is essential in any workplace to ensure that all team members understand each other and can work together effectively.

noun （資源）公有；共有 common ownership of resources and goods

In a small farming community, all the members share the water source for irrigation, demonstrating the principle of common ownership.

noun 社區；社群；群體 a group of people living in a particular local area

The new community center provides a space for the residents to come together and socialize.

noun （受雇的）照護陪伴者；伴護 a person who is paid to accompany or assist another, such as an elderly or disabled person

The old man hired a companion to help him with his daily routine and keep him company.

noun 同伴；夥伴；摯友 a person who is often in the company of another and shares activities or experiences with them; a friend

After her husband’s death, Mary adopted a dog as her companion to keep her company and make her feel less lonely.

noun 競賽；比賽 the act of competing, especially for a prize or profit

The annual spelling bee is a fierce competition among the best spellers from different schools, all vying for the grand prize.

noun 競爭；商業角逐 a rivalry between two or more businesses or individuals striving to attract customers or achieve a goal

In the cutthroat world of technology, companies engage in fierce competition to secure the largest market share and gain a competitive edge.

adjective 好勝的；競爭性強的 showing a fighting disposition

The two athletes had a competitive spirit and fought hard to win the game.

adjective 競爭激烈的；有競爭力的 involving competition or competitiveness

The company experienced a surge in sales after adopting a more competitive pricing strategy.

noun 競爭對手；同業 a company or organization operating in the same market as another

Our new product launch was delayed due to a price war with our competitors.

noun 競賽者；對手 the contestant you hope to defeat

Our company’s new product needs to be better than what our competitor is offering.

verb 使複雜；使難以處理 make something more difficult to understand or deal with

The instructions for assembling the furniture were so complicated that even a skilled carpenter struggled to put it together.

verb 使繁雜；增加難度 to make something more complex, intricate, or detailed

When you add too many clauses to a legal document, you complicate its meaning.

verb 構成；組成 to form or make up the substance of something

The beautiful flowers composed a stunning bouquet.

verb 創作；譜曲 to put together using existing materials or elements

He was asked to compose a symphony for the orchestra using only the existing musical pieces.

noun 作曲家 a person who writes music as a profession

Mozart is regarded as one of the greatest composers in history for his masterpieces like Symphony No. 41 and Don Giovanni.

noun 構圖；構成方式 the way in which something is put together or arranged

The composition of this painting is very intricate, with bold lines and bright colors in the foreground and more muted tones in the background.

noun 作文；作品 the act of creating written works, especially as an assignment

For her composition class, she wrote a 10-page essay on the effects of climate change on the world’s oceans.

verb 集中；精簡重點 make more concise

During your presentation, make sure to concentrate your key points to keep the audience engaged.

verb 濃縮；壓縮 compress or concentrate

In order to fit all my clothes in the suitcase, I had to carefully concentrate and compress them.

noun 濃度；濃縮程度 the strength of a solution, measured by the number of molecules of a substance in a given volume

The concentration of the sugar solution was so high that it made the drink too sweet.

noun 專注；集中精神 great and constant diligence and attention

Due to his lack of concentration during the lecture, he failed to understand the important concepts that the professor was explaining.

noun 構想；意念 an intention or plan

The concept for the new product line was to create a luxurious and eco-friendly brand that would appeal to millennial consumers.

noun 概念；觀念 a general notion formed by combining different aspects

The concept of identity involves not only one’s name and physical appearance, but also one’s upbringing, experiences, and beliefs.

preposition 關於；有關 about or related to something

The professor gave a lecture concerning the impact of climate change on the economy.

verb 凝固；固化 merge into a solid mass

Mix the water and cement thoroughly until they form a concrete that can be poured into the molds.

noun 混凝土；水泥 a strong and hard building material made of cement, sand, gravel, and water

The workers poured the concrete into the foundation, forming the base for the new skyscraper.

noun 導體；導電材料 a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat

Copper is a common conductor of electricity, making it useful for electrical wiring.

noun 指揮家；樂團指揮 the person who leads a musical group

The conductor picked up his baton and confidently led the orchestra through a powerful symphony.

noun 會議；研討會 a prearranged meeting for consultation, exchange of information, or discussion, especially one with a formal agenda.

The international conference on climate change brought together scientists, policymakers, and activists from all over the world to discuss strategies for reducing carbon emissions.

noun 討論；協商 a discussion between participants on an agreed-upon (serious) topic.

The research conference brought together scientists from around the world to share their findings and exchange ideas.

verb 坦承；認罪 admit to a crime or offense, usually under pressure from authority

After being confronted with evidence, the suspect decided to confess to the robbery.

verb 告解；懺悔（宗教） admit or acknowledge something to a higher authority or in a religious context, as in the Catholic faith

After hiding the truth for so long, John finally decided to confess his mistakes to the priest during his confession.

noun 自信；信心 belief in oneself and one’s abilities, without doubt or fear

WRONG WITH EXCEPTION

noun 信心；把握感 a feeling of assurance or hopefulness about the future

With her vast experience and excellent preparation, the speaker stood at the podium with confidence and delivered an inspiring speech that left everyone in the audience feeling hopeful about the future.

noun 困惑；茫然 a mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior

After studying for hours without a break, Sarah experienced confusion and couldn't recall any of the information she had just learned.

noun 混亂；不知所措 a feeling of embarrassment or lack of understanding that leaves you unsure or unable to think clearly

As the professor explained the complex theory, Thomas's confusion grew, and he struggled to follow along with the lecture.

verb 恭賀；祝賀 express praise or admiration for someone’s achievement or good fortune

After winning the championship, all his teammates gathered around to congratulate him with a round of applause.

verb 道喜；慶賀 express congratulations to someone for an achievement or joyous occasion

After seeing her stunning performance, we all gathered to congratulate Lily on winning the singing competition.

noun 國會；議會 a national legislative assembly

The congress meets twice a year to pass laws and discuss important issues.

noun 代表大會；代議機構 a meeting of elected or appointed representatives

The members of Congress gathered to vote on the new legislation.

verb 征服；占領 to take control of a place or people by force or warfare

Alexander the Great conquered much of the known world through his military campaigns.

verb 克服；戰勝（困難） to successfully complete or overcome a challenge or difficulty

Despite facing numerous obstacles, she was able to conquer her fear of public speaking and deliver a captivating speech.

noun 良知；是非之心 the inner sense of what is right or wrong in one’s conduct or motives

Even though nobody saw him, his conscience was bothering him about taking the money from the lost wallet.

noun 道德感；責任感 a sense of moral responsibility and obligation

Even though nobody saw her taking the extra money from the drawer, her conscience bothered her so much that she returned it to the owner.

noun 結果；後果 the outcome of an event, especially as relative to an individual

The consequence of staying up all night was that he fell asleep at work the next day.

noun 不良後果；代價 a result or effect of an action or decision, especially when it is bad or unwelcome

The consequence of skipping class regularly is failing the course.

adjective 隨之而來的；因此產生的 following as a result or effect

The heavy rain and consequent flooding caused severe damage to the buildings

adjective 保守的；守舊的 resistant to change and holding traditional values

My grandparents are very conservative and believe in traditional gender roles and family structures.

adjective 謹慎的；穩健的 avoiding risky or extreme behavior and opinions

The investment advisor suggested a more conservative approach to the stock market given the current economic uncertainty.

verb 由……組成；構成 to be composed or constituted of

The cake consists of flour, sugar, eggs, and milk.

verb 包含；以……為主要成分 to have as an essential part or comprise; be made up of

The sandwich consists of bread, meat, lettuce, and tomato.

adjective 一貫的；始終如一的 always happening or behaving in a similar way

Even during challenging times, she remained consistent in her dedication to her studies.

adjective 符合的；前後一致的 agreeing with something said or done previously

Kara's consistent effort in her studies resulted in top grades throughout the school year.

verb 構成；組成 to form or compose something

The three colors, red, blue, and yellow, constitute the primary colors.

verb 形成；構成要素 to be or make up the parts of something

In order to have a well-rounded meal, protein, whole grains, and vegetables must all constitute a balanced plate.

noun 憲法；根本法 law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

The constitution of the country guarantees the rights and freedoms of its citizens, ensuring that no one is above the law.

noun 構成；組成方式 the way in which someone or something is composed

The constitution of a country outlines the fundamental principles and laws that govern its citizens.

verb 建造；構築 To make something by combining different materials or parts.

The team of builders constructed a beautiful and sturdy house using bricks, cement, and wood.

noun 抽象概念；建構物 An abstract idea that is inferred from specific instances.

The concept of respect is a construct that can be observed through acts of kindness and consideration.

noun 建造；施工 the act or process of building or creating something

The construction of the new bridge began last week and is expected to be completed in two years.

noun 建築物；工程 something that has been built or created, especially a large structure

The construction of the new skyscraper will bring more business and jobs to the city.

adjective 建設性的；有助益的 tending to promote development or improvement

During the team meeting, Sarah provided constructive feedback which helped the group come up with a more effective solution to the problem.

adjective 積極正面的；鼓勵性的 emphasizing the positive aspects or possibilities of a situation

During the team meeting, Sarah offered a constructive suggestion to improve the project's efficiency.

verb 諮詢；請教 to seek information or advice from someone

She decided to consult with her doctor before starting a new exercise routine.

verb 提供建議；問診 to provide professional advice to someone

After conducting various tests, the doctor consulted the patient on the best treatment options.

noun 顧問；諮詢專家 a person who provides professional or expert advice

Our company hired a consultant to help us improve our business operations and increase efficiency.

verb 消耗；用盡 use up (resources or materials)

John consumed all of the fuel in his car during the long road trip.

verb 吞噬；摧毀 destroy completely

The raging fire consumed the entire forest, leaving nothing but charred remains.

noun 消費者；用戶 a person or organization that purchases goods or services for their own use or to resell

The consumer bought a new smartphone for personal use and also purchased additional phones to resell at a higher price.

noun 消費者（生態）；掠食者 an organism that feeds on other organisms or organic matter

In the ocean, the shark is a powerful consumer, preying on smaller fish and keeping the ecosystem in balance.

noun 貨櫃；貨箱 a large metal boxlike object of standardized dimensions that can be loaded from one form of transport to another

The cargo ship was full of containers, each filled with goods waiting to be transported to different parts of the world.

noun 容器；容具 any object that can be used to hold things

She used a glass jar as a container for her homemade jam.

noun 滿足；知足 the state of being contented with your situation in life

After years of working hard and travelling, she finally found content in a quiet life by the beach.

adjective 滿意的；知足的 satisfied or showing satisfaction with things as they are

After finishing the marathon, she was content with her time and didn’t feel the need to push herself harder.

noun 滿足感；心滿意足 a state of happiness and satisfaction with one’s life and current circumstances

After years of hard work, Maria finally found contentment in her career as a successful architect, living in a beautiful home with a loving family.

verb 反駁；質疑 to oppose, especially in argument

During the debate, the two candidates constantly contested each other's policies and ideas.

verb 申訴；異議 to claim that a particular action is not fair or legal

After losing the race, he would often contest the results, believing that his competitors had cheated.

verb 置於脈絡中；給予背景 to place something in a particular context in order to give it a particular meaning or to help people understand it better

In order to understand the true significance of the historical event, we need to contextualize it within the social and political climate of that time.

noun 上下文；語境；背景 the words, phrases, or sentences that come before or after a particular word or piece of text and give it more meaning

In order to fully understand the meaning of a word, it is important to consider its context. For example, the word 'bank' can have different meanings depending on whether it is used in a financial or natural setting.

adjective 反覆的；頻繁的 happening again and again with very short intervals of time in between; commonly used to describe something that is regularly recurring

The continual sound of the dripping faucet kept me up all night.

adjective 持續不斷的 seemingly never-ending; often used interchangeably with `continuous’ which means without a break in between and can be used to describe something that happens for an extended period of time

The construction noise outside my apartment has been continual for the past week, making it difficult to concentrate on my work.

adjective 連續不斷的；無間斷的 without any interruption in time or space

The marathon runner kept up a continuous pace for the entire race, without taking any breaks.

adjective 連續的；不間斷的 describing a function or curve that extends without any breaks or irregularities

The temperature on a summer day follows a continuous curve, gradually increasing from morning to midday without any sudden drops or jumps.

noun 相反；對立面 an opposite or completely different idea, fact, or thing from something else

Despite the forecast, the weather is quite warm today. It is contrary to what the meteorologist predicted.

noun 相反者；對立物 a person or thing that is the opposite of someone or something else

She always speaks in a polite and friendly manner, but her sister is quite the contrary and often rude.

noun 對比；差異 the act of distinguishing or separating things by comparing their differences

The artist used high contrasting colors on the canvas to make the painting pop.

verb 形成對比；有差異 to be noticeably different from something else

The bright yellow flowers contrasted against the dark green leaves of the tree.

verb 促成；有助於 be a factor that contributes to a particular result or situation

Her long hours and tireless effort contributed greatly to the success of the project.

verb 捐助；貢獻 provide or give something, especially money, in order to help achieve or provide something

I contributed $50 to the charity for the children’s hospital.

noun 捐款；資助金額 an amount of money given to help along with something

She made a significant contribution to the charity, donating $10,000 towards their cause.

noun 捐獻行為；貢獻 the act of giving together with others for a common purpose, especially to a charity

In response to the natural disaster, the community came together and made a contribution by organizing a fundraising event.

adjective 即食的；方便食用的 Describing food or meals that are ready to eat or can be cooked quickly upon purchase.

After a tiring day at work, I stopped by the convenience store to pick up some convenience meals for dinner.

noun 大會；集會 a large formal assembly

At the annual convention, thousands of industry professionals gather to discuss new trends and technologies.

noun 召集；開會 the act of convening

The convention of world leaders was held in Geneva to discuss global issues.

adjective 慣例的；符合常規的 in agreement with what is generally done or believed

It is conventional to say ’bless you’ after someone sneezes.

adjective 傳統的；守舊的 following traditional practices and customs

The couple chose to have a conventional wedding with a white dress, bridesmaids, and a church ceremony.

verb 交談；談話 to talk or have a conversation with someone

I met up with my old friend for coffee and we spent hours conversing about our shared memories.

noun 帆布運動鞋（Converse品牌） a type of shoe with a rubber sole and canvas upper, typically in a casual style

She paired her favorite vintage dress with a pair of white Converse for a stylish but comfortable look.

verb 傳送；運送 to take or carry something from one place to another

Please convey this message to your boss immediately.

verb 傳達；表達 to communicate or express something, often a feeling or message

She used heartfelt words to convey her gratitude to the audience.

verb 說服；使相信 to cause someone to believe or do something; to persuade

He was able to convince his friends to go on a road trip with him.

verb 配合；協助 to be helpful by doing what is asked or needed

The employees need to cooperate with each other in order to complete the project on time.

verb 合作；協力 to work together with others to achieve a common goal

The two companies decided to cooperate on the project, which helped them both achieve their business objectives.

noun 合作；協作 the practice of working together towards a common goal

The construction project was completed successfully due to the cooperation of different contractors and subcontractors.

noun 協調配合；共同努力 the act of cooperating or coordinating with others for mutual benefit

The successful completion of the project was a result of the strong cooperation between the team members who shared responsibility and worked towards achieving a common goal.

adjective 合作社；共同經營組織 A cooperative refers to an organization or company that is owned and controlled by a group of members. Each member holds a share in the cooperative, which could include employees or customers.

The group of farmers formed a cooperative to collectively purchase and share farming equipment, resulting in reduced costs for each member.

verb 應付；克服 to deal effectively with something difficult

After losing her job, Sarah struggled to cope with the sudden financial burden.

noun （牆頂）壓頂磚 a brick that is laid sideways at the top of a wall to protect it from the weather

The mason carefully placed the cope on the wall, ensuring that it provided a sturdy barrier against rain and wind.

noun 銅色；赤褐色 a reddish-brown color resembling the color of polished copper

The sunset painted the sky in shades of copper, creating a breathtaking view.

noun 銅板；銅幣 a copper penny

When I emptied my pockets, I found a shiny copper penny.

noun 細繩；索繩 a line made of twisted fibers or threads

Susan used a sturdy cord to hang the clothesline in her backyard.

noun （柴薪計量）考得（128立方英尺） a unit of amount of wood cut for burning; 128 cubic feet

Last winter, we burned through two cords of firewood to keep our home warm.

verb 符合；一致 be compatible, similar, or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

The data from the two experiments corresponded perfectly, indicating that the findings were accurate and reliable.

verb （數學）對應；等同 be equivalent or parallel, in mathematics

The X-axis and Y-axis in a graph correspond to the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively.

verb 裝扮；穿戲服 to dress up in a costume

During Halloween, children enjoy choosing their favorite characters and costume themselves as superheroes, princesses, or scary monsters.

noun 服裝；戲服；民族服飾 the clothing style of a particular country, time period, or social class

At the Halloween party, she dressed up in a stunning medieval costume complete with a velvet gown and a jeweled crown.

noun 小屋；農村小舍 a small house, typically located in a rural area or countryside away from a city or town

After retiring, Mary and John moved to a picturesque cottage nestled in the English countryside.

noun 委員會；議會 a group of people who are chosen to make rules, laws, or decisions for a particular group or area

The city council met to discuss the new zoning laws.

noun （委員會的）會議；集會 a meeting where people discuss and make decisions about something

The city council held a meeting to discuss the proposed changes to the local zoning laws.

noun （電腦）計數器 a register in computer science whose contents go through a regular series of states (usually states indicating consecutive integers)

In a programming loop, a counter is often used to keep track of the number of iterations.

adjective 對立的；反對的 indicating opposition or resistance

The crowd erupted into cheers, but there were a few counter voices of dissent.

adjective 勇敢的；有膽識的 having or showing bravery, especially when faced with danger or difficulty

Despite the treacherous conditions, the courageous mountain climbers pressed on, reaching the peak and planting their country's flag.

noun 禮貌；紳士風度 polite behavior, especially that of a man towards a woman.

John showed great courtesy by holding the door open for Mary as she entered the restaurant.

noun 禮節行為；客套舉動 a polite gesture or action to show respect or kindness to others.

Hold the door open for someone behind you as a courtesy.

noun 懦夫；膽小者 a person who lacks the courage to face danger or pain; a timid or easily intimidated person

When the fire broke out, the coward ran away from the burning building without warning anyone.

noun 快克（純化古柯鹼） a purified and potent form of cocaine

The police confiscated a large amount of crack cocaine from the suspect’s vehicle.

verb 使出現裂縫；裂開 cause to become cracked or partially broken

While moving the furniture, he accidentally cracked the frame of the mirror.

noun 飛行器；船舶；航行器 a vehicle designed for navigation in water, air, or outer space

The new spacecraft by SpaceX is capable of carrying humans to space and back safely.

noun 手藝；工藝技術 the skilled practice of a practical occupation

John’s craft as a carpenter was evident from the beautifully crafted wooden bench he made for the garden.

noun 宇宙萬物；天地萬象 everything that exists anywhere

The Big Bang Theory suggests that the creation of the universe occurred around 13.8 billion years ago.

noun 作品；創作物 an artifact brought into existence by someone

The artist’s masterpiece was a stunning creation, admired and awed by all who viewed it.

noun 創造力；創意 the ability to use imagination and original ideas to create something; inventiveness

His creativity in designing the new logo for the company impressed his colleagues.

verb 悄悄移動；潛行 to move quietly and stealthily in order to avoid being noticed; to sneak

The cat crept across the room, trying not to wake up the sleeping baby.

verb 蔓延；爬生 to grow or spread over a surface, often in an undesirable manner

In the garden, the ivy began to creep up the side of the house, damaging the paintwork.

noun 評論家；藝評人 a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

The critic wrote a scathing review of the new art exhibition, pointing out the lack of originality and depth in the artist's work.

noun 批評者；挑剔的人 someone who frequently finds fault, or makes harsh and unfair judgments, especially about things that are not really important

During the school play, the critic in the audience loudly criticized the choice of costumes, completely ignoring the talent and effort put in by the young actors.

adjective 批判性的；審慎評估的 characterized by careful evaluation and judgment

The team of doctors conducted a critical analysis of the patient's medical history before making a diagnosis.

adjective 至關重要的；緊急的 urgently needed; absolutely necessary

In a situation where a patient's life is at stake, every minute can be critical and every second counts.

noun 評析；批評 a serious examination and judgment of something

The art professor offered constructive criticism to her students during the critique of their final projects.

noun 指責；非難 disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

The restaurant received some criticism for serving cold food.

verb 批評；指出缺失 point out real or perceived flaws; find fault with; express criticism of

During the team meeting, the manager took the opportunity to criticize the sales presentation, pointing out areas for improvement.

verb 批判；表達不滿 act as a critic or express disapproval or unfavorable judgment

When reviewing a piece of artwork, it is important to provide constructive feedback rather than simply criticize.

noun 殘忍；殘酷行為 the quality or state of being cruel; disposition or behavior that causes pain or suffering to others.

Deliberately hurting someone’s feelings for your own enjoyment is an act of cruelty.

noun 冷漠無情；麻木不仁 an intense feeling of indifference to the suffering of others; callousness

The cruelty of the dictator was evident in his merciless treatment of prisoners.

adjective 酥脆的；嘎吱作響的 having a crisp texture or crunch when bitten or chewed

I love the sound of crunchy leaves under my feet during autumn walks.

verb 壓扁；擠壓變形 to press or squeeze (something) so hard that it breaks or loses its shape

He accidentally crushed the pack of chips while carrying the groceries.

verb 壓垮；使沮喪無力 to cause (someone) to feel powerless or out of control

The overwhelming workload crushed my ability to work efficiently.

noun 立方數；三次方 the result of multiplying a number by itself three times

The volume of a cube can be calculated by multiplying the length, width, and height of its sides. For example, if each side of a cube is 3 inches long, then the cube’s volume would be 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 cubic inches.

verb 求立方；計算三次方 to raise a number to the third power

To calculate the volume of a cube, you need to cube the length of any one side.

noun 撞球桿；球杆 a thin stick used in games such as pool or billiards to strike a ball

He lined up his shot and gently tapped the cue, sending the white ball rolling towards the corner pocket.

noun 暗號；提示信號 a signal or sign that gives information on what to do

In a theatrical performance, the ringing of a bell can act as a cue for an actor to enter the stage.

adjective 狡猾的；詭計多端的 marked by skill in deception

The cunning salesman tricked the customer by selling him a counterfeit product.

noun 狡詐；機詐 shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception

The cunning businessman managed to convince his competitors to invest in his fake company.

noun 好奇心；求知慾 a strong desire to know about something

Sarah's curiosity led her to spend hours researching the history of ancient civilizations.

noun 奇特事物；珍奇之物 an unusual and interesting thing

Visiting the local market was a great curiosity for tourists, as they were delighted by the vibrant colors and unique aromas.

verb 捲曲；蜷成螺旋狀 to form a curved or spiral shape

After receiving a perm, her hair began to curl beautifully.

verb 蜷縮；縮成一團 to shape one’s body into a curled position

After a long day at work, Susan liked to curl up on the couch with a good book.

noun 詛咒；魔咒 an evil spell

In the ancient tale, a wicked sorceress placed a curse on the kingdom, causing crops to wither and disease to spread.

noun 咒語；降禍的祈求 an appeal to some supernatural power to inflict evil on someone or some group

In fairy tales, the wicked witch often casts a curse on the protagonist.

noun 曲球（棒球投法） a type of pitch in baseball that moves in a curved path as it approaches the batter

The pitcher threw a curve that seemed to be heading straight toward the batter, but then it suddenly dropped and curved across the plate, leaving the batter swinging at air.

verb 彎曲；呈弧形轉向 to form an arch or bend in a shape that is not straight

The road curved sharply to the left, so she had to slow down to avoid crashing.

noun 氣墊（氣墊船用） a layer of air that lifts a hovercraft or similar vehicle off the ground, reducing friction and improving movement over water or land

The hovercraft used its cushion to glide over the water with ease.

noun 軟墊；靠墊 a soft bag filled with air, feathers, foam rubber or other such material for comfortable support or to reduce impact or shock

After the surgery, the patient was asked to sit on a cushion to avoid putting pressure on the stitches.

adjective 潮濕的；有些濕的 slightly wet in an unpleasant or uncomfortable way

After the rain, the ground was damp and muddy, making it difficult to walk on.

noun 潮氣；濕氣 moisture or humidity in the air or in a place

After the rain, the ground was damp and the air felt heavy with moisture.

noun 截止日期；最後期限 the latest time or date by which something must be completed

The deadline for submitting the project proposal is next Monday.

verb 宣告；宣布 to state emphatically and authoritatively

The president declared war on the neighboring country.

verb 聲稱；表明 to state firmly or positively

She declared her intention to run for president next year.

noun 勳章；獎章 an official honor in the form of a medal, badge, etc. that is given to a person as a reward

After winning the Nobel Prize, she proudly wore the decoration around her neck.

noun 裝飾；裝飾品 the act of adding something to an object or place in order to enhance its appearance; something added to an object or place to make it look more attractive

The living room was filled with beautiful decorations for the holiday season, including twinkling lights, garlands, and a meticulously decorated Christmas tree.

noun 失敗；落敗 an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

After an intense battle, the underdog managed to defeat the reigning champion

noun 挫敗感；洩氣 the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals

After weeks of preparation, losing the championship game really plunged him into a state of defeat.

verb 辯護；為…辯護 protect or fight for as a champion

The lawyer will defend his client in court, using every possible argument to protect them from being convicted.

verb 防守；保衛 protect against a challenge or attack

The knight defended the castle from the enemy invaders.

noun 防衛；防守 the act of protecting someone or something from harm or attack

A security guard at the entrance of the building provides defense against unauthorized entry.

noun 國防；防衛部隊 a group of people who protect against attack

The country deployed its defense forces along the border to deter any potential invasion.

adjective 站得住腳的；可辯護的 able to be defended or justified

The lawyer presented a defensible argument, using all available evidence to support their client's innocence.

noun 防禦態勢；戒備狀態 an attitude of defensiveness, especially in the phrase `on the defensive’

After receiving criticism from her boss, Jane became defensive and started making excuses for her mistakes.

adjective 防禦性的；防衛的 intended or appropriate for defending against or deterring aggression or attack

The army erected a series of defensive barriers along the border to prevent any enemy invasion.

adjective 明確的；確定的 clearly stated or decided; not vague or doubtful

The meeting time is definite and will not change.

adjective 肯定的；無疑的 known for certain; sure

After weeks of investigation, the police finally found the definite evidence that linked the suspect to the crime.

adjective 易碎的；脆弱的 easily broken, damaged, or destroyed

Be careful while handling antique vases, they are delicate.

adjective 敏感的；纖細的 easily hurt or sensitive

Be very delicate when you handle the fragile porcelain vase.

noun 喜悅；歡樂 something or someone that brings happiness or joy

The sight of blooming flowers in the spring brings great delight.

verb 感到高興；享受 to take great pleasure in something

She was filled with delight as she unwrapped the gift her best friend had given her.

adjective 令人愉快的；迷人的 causing delight or pleasure; very pleasant; enjoyable

The cupcakes she made for the party were absolutely delightful; everyone loved them.

verb 強烈要求；迫切要求 request urgently and forcefully

The workers went on strike to demand higher wages from the company.

verb 需要；要求 require as useful, just, or proper

The manager demanded that the employees work overtime to meet the deadline.

verb 示範；演示 to show something, or show someone how to do something, or how a system or product works

During the science fair, Alex used a model volcano to demonstrate the process of an erupting volcano.

verb 證明；提供佐證 to provide evidence or proof of something

The scientist conducted a series of experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new drug.

noun （軍事）演習；示威武力 a show of military force or readiness

The military organized a demonstration to display their new weapons and equipment to the public.

noun 示威遊行；展示 the act of presenting something to sight or view; a show or display

The students organized a peaceful demonstration to protest against the increase in tuition fees.

adjective 濃密的；不透光的 permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

The thick fog was so dense that I couldn't see more than a few feet in front of me.

adjective 密度高的；緻密的 having high relative density or specific gravity

The dense rock sank to the bottom of the ocean.

verb 出發；離開 to leave or go away from a place, especially on a journey.

She is set to depart for her hometown tomorrow morning.

verb 離職；辭去 to stop attending or working at a particular place.

He decided to depart from the company after working there for ten years.

noun 離去；離職 an action or decision to stop doing something; the fact of someone or something no longer existing or happening

John’s departure from the company has left a significant gap that has been hard to fill

noun 偏離；與常規不同 a deviation or difference from a particular thing or standard

The departure from his usual style of dressing surprised his colleagues.

noun 受撫養者；依賴他人者 a person who relies on another, especially financially

The unemployed single mother was dependent on government assistance to support herself and her children.

adjective 依賴的；依靠的 relying on someone or something else for support, supply, or what is needed

As a young child, James was completely dependent on his parents for food, shelter, and love.

noun 抑鬱症；憂鬱症 a mental state of sadness and hopelessness that affects a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

When Janet lost her job, she fell into a deep depression and could not bring herself to leave the house for weeks.

noun 沮喪；消沉 a state of feeling low and discouraged

After losing his job and ending his relationship, Bob fell into a deep depression and had difficulty finding joy in everyday activities.

verb 應得；值得 To be worthy or deserving of something, typically as a result of one’s actions or abilities.

After studying diligently and putting in long hours of preparation, Sarah deserved the top score on the exam.

adjective 迫切的；極度需要的 showing extreme urgency or intensity, especially because of great need or desire

The stranded hiker was desperate for help after being lost for two days with no food or water.

adjective 走投無路的；不顧一切的 arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

After being stranded on the deserted island for weeks, the survivors became desperate for basic necessities like food and water.

noun 輕蔑；強烈厭惡 lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

Despite their differences and intense dislike for each other, they managed to work together on the project.

noun 蔑視；藐視 contemptuous disregard

Despite his reputation as a skilled athlete, he approached the game with a lazy and disinterested attitude.

noun 破壞；毀損 the complete or partial damage or ruin of something

The destruction caused by the hurricane left the city in ruins.

noun 摧毀；毀滅 the act of destroying something completely

The hurricane caused widespread destruction in the coastal town, leaving many homes flattened and destroyed.

noun 偵探；刑警 a police officer who investigates crimes

The detective tirelessly searched for evidence at the crime scene to identify the suspect.

noun 私家偵探；調查人員 an investigator engaged or employed in obtaining information not easily available to the public

The detective was hired to gather information about the suspect’s whereabouts and associates.

noun 決心；毅力 deciding or controlling something’s outcome or nature

Sarah's determination to finish her college degree led her to study late into the night and work multiple jobs to pay for tuition.

noun 堅毅；不屈不撓 the quality of being determined to do or achieve something; firmness of purpose

Despite facing numerous setbacks and obstacles, Jenny's determination to finish her degree never wavered.

noun 裝置；設備 an instrument or tool invented for a particular purpose

One example of a device is a smartphone which can be used for communication, entertainment, and information retrieval.

noun （文學）手法；技巧 something in an artistic or literary work designed to achieve a particular effect

In the poem, the author uses a metaphor as a literary device to convey the depth of the speaker’s emotions.

verb 設計；構思 to come up with an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle after a mental effort

After much brainstorming, the engineering team was able to devise a new system for reducing energy consumption in the building.

verb 策劃；籌謀 to arrange something by systematic planning and united effort

The team of engineers must devise a plan to fix the broken bridge.

verb 奉獻；投入 to dedicate or commit oneself to a particular undertaking

She decided to devote her life to helping underprivileged children by starting a non-profit organization.

verb 專用；撥出（時間） to set apart or assign for a particular purpose or use

She decided to devote her weekends to volunteering at the local animal shelter.

noun 露水；露珠 Water that has condensed from the air onto a cool surface, especially overnight.

When I woke up early in the morning, I went out to the garden to see the dew on the leaves of plants.

noun 圖解；示意圖 a drawing that shows the relationship between different things or parts

The teacher used a diagram to explain the complex cellular structure to the students.

noun 圖表；說明圖 a drawing or plan that outlines and explains the parts, operation, etc., of something

The math teacher used a diagram to illustrate how to solve the complex equation step by step.

verb 意見相左；持不同看法 be of different opinions

During the meeting, the team members started to differ on the best approach for the project.

verb 不同；有差異 be different

The twins have identical features, but their personalities differ greatly.

verb 被吸收；消化吸收 To be absorbed into the body.

After eating a meal, the food will start to digest in the stomach.

verb 消化（食物） To break down food in the body so that it can be taken in as nutrients and energy.

After enjoying a delicious meal, the body starts to digest the food, breaking it down into smaller molecules for absorption and energy production.

adjective 數位的；數字的 relating to or using signals or information represented by discrete values (digits) rather than a continuous range of values

The clock on my bedside table is digital and displays the time in discrete digits, unlike the old analog clock that had a continuous sweeping hand.

adjective 數位技術的；電腦操作的 relating to the fingers or digits, especially in reference to manipulations and movements typical of computer technology

She used her digital skills to create a stunning webpage for her company.

noun 尊嚴；體面 the state or quality of being worthy of honor and respect

Despite losing the game, he maintained his dignity and congratulated the other team.

noun 端莊；莊重 seriousness or a sense of propriety in speech or behavior

Even though he was angry, he maintained his dignity and spoke politely.

noun 勤勉；認真 the quality of being careful and thorough in your work or duties

The student’s diligence in studying for the exam paid off when she received an A.

noun 堅持；努力不懈 the perseverance and determination in carrying out tasks in a focused manner

Samantha’s diligence in completing her work ahead of deadline earned her a promotion at her job.

adjective 勤勉的；認真的 characterized by care and perseverance in carrying out tasks

Despite working long hours, Sarah remained diligent and never missed a deadline.

adjective 孜孜不倦的；不懈的 quietly and steadily persevering, especially in detail or exactness

Despite the long hours and tedious work, Sarah remained diligent in completing the project accurately and efficiently.

noun 文憑；畢業證書 a certificate awarded by an educational institution, typically after completing a course of study

After completing her undergraduate studies, she received her diploma which allowed her to pursue her dream career.

noun 處事圓滑者；善於交涉的人 a person who deals tactfully with others

As a diplomat, she successfully negotiated a peace treaty between two warring nations.

noun 外交官；外交人員 an official engaged in international negotiations

As a diplomat, he played a key role in brokering the peace agreement between the two countries.

noun 身心障礙；殘疾 a physical or mental condition that limits someone’s movements, senses, or activities

Despite her disability, Sarah has successfully pursued a career in graphic design, using special software and adaptive technology to create her artwork.

noun 不利條件；劣勢 a condition or circumstance that places one in an inferior or less favorable position

Having a language barrier can be a disadvantage when applying for jobs in a country where a different language is spoken.

verb 使處於不利；阻礙 to put someone in a less favorable position; hinder or harm

The lack of access to quality education puts children from low-income families at a disadvantage when applying for higher education opportunities.

verb 使失望；辜負期望 to fail to meet someone’s hopes or expectations

I felt disappointed when the hotel did not provide clean towels despite promising to do so

noun 令人失望的事；憾事 an act (or failure to act) that disappoints someone

It was a great disappointment when the concert was canceled due to bad weather.

noun 失望；沮喪 a feeling of dissatisfaction or sadness that occurs when your hopes, desires or expectations are not fulfilled.

After months of anticipation, Mary experienced profound disappointment when her favorite band cancelled their concert at the last minute.

noun 災難；災禍 an event that causes great damage, destruction, or loss

The earthquake left behind a trail of disaster, destroying entire towns and causing widespread devastation.

noun 慘況；嚴重破壞 a state of extreme distress or destruction

The earthquake left behind a trail of disaster, with buildings collapsing and people stranded in the rubble.

noun 訓練；磨練 training that helps to improve someone’s strength or self-control

John’s daily meditation is part of his discipline to improve his self-control.

noun 紀律；自律 the trait of being well-behaved and showing control over your actions

John’s discipline allowed him to wake up every day at 5 am to go to the gym before work.

verb 勸阻；告誡不要 admonish or counsel in terms of someone’s behavior

After hearing about the difficulties of starting a small business, the bank manager tried to discourage them from taking out a loan.

verb 使洩氣；打消念頭 deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged

Her constant criticism discouraged him from pursuing his dreams.

noun 洩氣；灰心 the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

After failing multiple times to find a job, Sarah began to experience discouragement and questioned her abilities.

noun 阻撓；反對 the expression of opposition and disapproval

After receiving multiple rejections, she continued to pursue her dreams despite the discouragement of others.

noun 偽裝服飾；變裝 attire worn to conceal the identity of the wearer

In order to infiltrate the enemy's headquarters undetected, the spy donned a clever disguise, complete with a wig, glasses, and a fake mustache.

noun 偽裝；掩飾身分 the act of changing the appearance or behavior to hide the identity of someone or something

In the spy movie, the protagonist had to wear a clever disguise to blend in with the enemy agents and gather information without being detected.

verb 使反感；令人作嘔 cause aversion; offend the moral sense of

The sight and smell of rotting garbage disgusts most people.

noun 厭惡；噁心；反感 strong feelings of dislike

The sight of the moldy bread in the fridge filled me with disgust.

verb 解雇；開除 to remove someone from their job, especially because they have done something wrong.

The company had to dismiss the employee after discovering that they had been stealing from the company funds.

verb （法院）撤案；不受理 to formally stop a trial in a court of law, often because there is not enough proof that someone is guilty.

After carefully reviewing the evidence, the judge decided to dismiss the case due to lack of concrete proof.

noun 混亂；雜亂無章 a lack of system or planned organization, where objects or conditions are not in any specific order

Her desk was a perfect example of disorder, with papers and books scattered all over and no discernible organization.

noun 騷亂；暴亂 a situation where some individuals behave in a manner that endangers the safety of others or disrupts the peace of a neighborhood

During the protest, the disorder escalated as people started vandalizing property and throwing objects at the police.

noun 爭議；糾紛 a disagreement or argument about something important

The two neighbors had a heated dispute over the property boundaries.

noun 衝突；對立 coming into conflict with

Two neighbors disputing over a property boundary

adjective 清晰的；明顯的 Clear and sharply defined to the mind

Even from a distance, her distinct laughter stood out in the crowd.

adjective 不同的；各別的 Not alike; different in nature or quality

The twins have distinct personalities, with one being outgoing and the other being introverted.

verb 使顯眼；使突出 to make someone or something noticeable or special in some way

Her red hat helped her to distinguish herself from the crowd.

verb 區分；辨別 to recognize or notice a difference between people or things

I couldn’t distinguish the two twins because they looked exactly the same.

adjective 傑出的；聲名卓著的 Standing above others in character, attainment, or reputation

The distinguished professor received numerous awards for his groundbreaking research and contributions to the field of physics.

adjective 氣度不凡的；儀表堂堂的 Befitting an eminent person, used to describe a person’s appearance or behavior

The distinguished professor entered the lecture hall, wearing a tailored suit and exuding an air of confidence.

verb 分發；分配 give out to several people

The teacher distributed the test papers to the students.

verb 散布；流通 cause to be spread or circulated

The company plans to distribute their new product to stores nationwide.